Programming Texts and Tutorials

Linux Assembly HOWTO – Francois-Rene Rideau and
Konstantin Boldyshev (1996-2002)
Introduction to UNIX Assembly Programming – Konstantin
Boldyshev (1999-2000)
Using Assembly Language in Linux – Phillip (Jan. 2001)
Inline Assembly for x86 in Linux – Bharata B. Rao (Mar. 2001)
Linux Assembler Tutorial – Robin Miyagi (Jan. 2001)
Linux Assembly “Hello World” Tutorial – Bjorn Chambless
Programming from the Ground Up – Jonathan Bartlett
A Whirlwind Tutorial on Creating Really Teensy ELF Executables
for Linux – Brian Raiter
Tiny Programs – Brian Raiter
Introduction to GCC Inline Asm – Robin Miyagi
Using the GNU as Assembler – Dean
Elsner and Jay Fenlason (Jan. 1994)
Assembly Programming Journal
Assembly Language – Brian Brown (1988-1999)
- The History of Assembly Language Programming
x86 Assembly Language FAQ – 1/3 – Raymond Moon et al. (Feb. 2000)
x86 Assembly Language FAQ – 2/3 – Raymond Moon et al.
(Feb. 2000)
x86 Assembly Language FAQ – 2/3 – Raymond Moon et al.
(Feb. 2000)

This FAQ contains x86 assembly language information common
to all assemblers.
The Art of Assembly Language Programming – Randall Hyde
- Linux Assembly Language Programming
  - Linux System Calls for Assembly Language Programmers
    
    A PDF document.
- High Level Assembly Language
PC Assembly Tutorial – Paul Carter

“The tutorial has extensive coverage of interfacing assembly
and C code and so might be of interest to C programmers who
want to learn about how C works under the hood. All the
examples use the free NASM (Netwide) assembler. The
tutorial only
covers programming under 32-bit protected mode and
requires a 32-bit protected mode compiler.”
Assembly Language Tutorial – Brian Howard (Apr. 1998)

“This document describes the basics of assembly language
programming for the Intel 80×86 microprocessors. It is
geared towards using the freely available NetWide
Assembler, NASM, to generate programs that will run
under MS-DOS. As such, it will concentrate on producing
16-bit .COM programs, using only the facilities that have
been present since the original 8086.”
Guide to 80×86 Assembly – Gavin Estey (1995,1996)
FreeBSD Assembly Language Programming – G. Adam Stanislav

“In this tutorial I will attempt to show you how you can use
assembly language writing Unix programs,
specifically under FreeBSD.
This tutorial does not explain the basics of assembly
language. … However, once the tutorial is finished,
any assembly language programmer will be able to write
programs for FreeBSD quickly and efficiently.”
Assembly Language Tutor – Hugo Perez Perez (1995-1996)
TI-86 Assembly Programming Tutorial – Dux Gregs

awk/gawk

“Why is AWK so important? It is an excellent filter and report writer.
Many UNIX utilities generates rows and columns of information. AWK is
an excellent tool for processing these rows and columns, and is easier
to use AWK than most conventional programming languages. It can be
considered to be a pseudo-C interpretor, as it understands the same
arithmatic operators as C. AWK also has string manipulation functions, so it
can search for particular strings and modify the output. AWK also has
associative arrays, which are incredible useful, and is a feature most
computing languages lack. Associative arrays can make a complex problem a
trivial exercise.” – Bruce Barnett (from
Awk)

comp.lang.awk FAQ – Russell Schulz (May 2002)
Awk – A Pattern Scanning and Processing Language – Alfred Aho, Brian Kernighan and Peter Weinberger
Awk – Bruce Barnett
Getting Started with Awk – Andrew Ross
Awk by Example – Daniel Robbins
1. An Intro to the Great Language with the Strange Name (Dec. 2000)
2. Records, Loops and Arrays (Jan. 2001)
Introduction to Awk – Brian Brown (May 1994)
Introduction to Gawk – Ian Gordon (May 1996)
How to Get Things Done with Awk – Sakari Mattila (Mar. 1999)
How to Use Awk – Patrick Hartigan
Awk Tutorial
An Awk Tutorial – Greg Goebel (Jan. 2002)
Effective AWK Programming – Arnold Robbins (2002)
Examples with Awk: A Short Introduction – Javier Bermejo (Sep. 1999)
GAWK Manual
Awk Filters
Network Access with Gawk – Jurgen Kahrs (Dec. 1998)
Network Administration with AWK – Jurgen Kahrs (Apr. 1999)

autoconf/automake

automount

Am-utils (4.4BSD Automounter Utilities) User Manual – Erez Zadok
Getting Started with AMD
Automount Mini-HOWTO – April 1999
Mark’s Autofs Tutorial Revisited – Mark Nielsen (June 1999)
Automount and AutoFS – Frederic Raynal (Jan. 2001)
Configuring automount – Kevin McCormick (Feb. 2002)

C FAQ – Steve Summit
Infrequently Asked Questions in C – Peter Seebach
C Programming Reference – Martin Leslie
The Development of the C Language – Dennis Ritchie
Indian Hill C Style and Coding Standards – L. W. Cannon et al.
Recommended C Style and Coding Standards – L. W. Cannon et al.

An extended and annotated version of the previous entry.
GNU Coding Standards – Richard Stallman
ANSI C Rationale – X3J11
Identifiers NOT to Use in C Programs – Stan Brown
The Ten Commandments for C Programmers – Henry Spencer
Notes on Writing Portable Programs in C – A. Dolenc et al.
Improving and Fixing C Code
Programming in C: A Tutorial – Brian Kernighan
C Language Tutorial – The Webwizard
Notes on Programming in C – Rob Pike
A Tutorial on Pointers and Arrays in C – Ted Jensen
The Ground Cero Guide to C – Henrik Sorensen
Phil’s C Course
C Programming Course – Steve Holmes
C Programming Tutorial – Tony Mantoan
C Programming Class Notes – Steve Summmit
ANSI C for Programmers on UNIX Systems – Tim Love
An Introduction to C Development on Linux – Nathan Thomas
An Introduction to C Programming – Brian Brown
Introduction to C Programming – Marshall Brain
C Programming for Spatial Information Scientists
C Optimization Tutorial – Adrian Barnett
Programming in C: UNIX System Calls and Subroutines Using C – A. D. Marshall
Compiling C and C++ Programs on UNIX Systems – gcc/g++ – ?
CScene: An Online Magazine for C and C++ Programming
Sams Teach Yourself C in 21 Days (4th Ed.) – Peter Aitken and Brad Jones

A free account must be established to view this.
Sams Teach Yourself C in 24 Hours – Tony Zhang
A free acount must be established to view this.
Building and Using Static and Shared C Libraries – ?
Program Library HOWTO: Creating and Using Program Libraries on Linux – David Wheeler
The C Standard Library – Ross Richardson
The Standard C Library for Linux – James Rogers
1. stdio.h file functions
2. stdio.h character input/output
3. stdio.h formatted input/output
4. ctype.h Character Handling
5. stdlib.h Miscellaneous Functions
Objective-C:
- Objective-C FAQ – David Stes
- Objective C Book – NeXT
  
  A PDF version of the following entry.
- Object-Oriented Programming and the Objective-C Language – NeXT
  
  An HTML version of the previous entry.
- Objective-C is Fun – Adam Fedor (Jan. 2002)
- The GNU Objective-C Language Manual – Andrew McCallum
- The GNU Objective-C Runtime Library – Scott Christley
- Object Oriented Programming in Objective-C – Gerrit Huizenga
- Objective-C is Fun – Adam Fedor
- A First Look at Objective-C – Noah Roberts
- A 10 Minute Introduction to Objective-C – Paul Burchard
- Debugging Objective-C with gdb – Martin Cracauer

C++

References:
- C++ FAQ Lite – Marshall Cline
- C++ Glossary – Bjarne Stroustrup (Sep. 2002)
  
  “This is a glossary of C++ terms, organized alphabetically by concept.”
- C++ Style and Technique FAQ – Bjarne Stroustrup (Nov. 2002)
- Wildfire C++ Programming Style with Rationale – Keith
  Gabryelski (1997)
- C++ Programming Style – Scott Anderson (1998)
- ISO/ANSI C++ Draft
- Advanced C++ Techniques – Kirk Rader (2002)
- comp.std.c++ FAQ – Matt Austern et al. (Dec. 2000)
- alt.comp.lang.learn.c-c++ FAQ – Sunil Rao and Rich Churcher (Sep. 2001)
  
  “alt.comp.lang.learn.c-c++ is a self-moderated newsgroup for the
  discussion of issues that concern novice to intermediate C and C++
  programmers.”
- G++ FAQ – Joe Buck (Jun. 1998)
- Available C++ Libraries FAQ – Nikki Locke (Jul. 2002)
- C++ Portability Guide – David Williams (Mar. 1998)
  
  “What follows is a set of rules, guidelines, and tips that we
  have found to be useful in making C++ code portable across
  many machines and compilers.
  This information is the result of porting large amounts of
  code across about 25 different machines, and at least a dozen
  different C++ compilers. Some of these things will frustrate you
  and make you want to throw your hands up and say,
  “well, that’s just a stupid compiler if it doesn’t do
  [insert favorite C++ feature].” But this is the reality of
  portable code.
  If you play by the rules, your code will seamlessly work
  on all of the Mozilla platforms and will be easy to port to newer
  machines.”
- Reducing Dependencies in C++ – Gaz Igbal (Aug. 2000)
- Programming in C++: Rules and Recommendations – Mats Henricson and
  Erik Nyquist (1990-1992)
- Well-Mannered Object-Oriented Design in C++ – Taligent (May 1994)
- C++ Coding Standard – Todd Hoff (Jun. 2002)
- C++ Tip-of-the-Day – Allan Clarke (Dec. 2000)
- Compiling C and C++ Programs on UNIX Systems – gcc/g++
- CScene: An Online Magazine for C and C++ Programming
- C++: A Critique of C++ (3rd Ed.) – Ian Joyner (Nov. 1996)
Tutorials:
- C++ in Action: Industrial-Strength Programming Techniques – Bartosz Milewski (Aug. 1997)
- Thinking in C++ (2nd Ed.) – Bruce Eckel
- Who’s Afraid of C++: The WWW Edition – Steve Heller (2000)
- C++ Programming Language Tutorials – Douglas Schmidt
- C++ Language Tutorial – The Webwizard
- Online C++ Tutorial – David Wegman
- C++ Tutorial
- How to Think Like a Computer Scientist: Learning with C++ – Allen Downey (Jul. 2001)
- A Beginner’s C++ – Neil Gray (2002)
- From the Ground Up: A Guide to C++ (1996)
- Programming with Class: A Practical Introduction to Object Oriented
  Programming with C++ – Neil Gray (Mar. 1996)
- Neil’s Guide to C++ – Neil Obremski (2002)
- Data Structures and Algorithms with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in C++ – Bruno R. Preiss (Aug. 1998)
- TTT Fundamentals of Programming Using C++
- C++ Summary – Michael Gray
- Sams Teach Yourself C++ in 21 Days (2nd Ed.) – Jesse Liberty
  
  Requires free registration to view.
- Understanding C++: An Accelerated Introduction – Marshall Brain
- Pinky and the Brain Learn C++ – Luke Stelling
- Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Using C++ – Peter Muller
- Learning Object Oriented Programming in C++ – Gillius
- Techniques for Scientific C++ – Todd Veldhuizen
- C++ Programming for Scientists – Roldan Pozo and Karin Remington
- Scientific Computing: C++ vs. Fortran – Todd Veldhuizen
- C++ Tutorial for C Users – Eric Brasseur
- Learning C/C++ Without Classes – Gillius
  
  “Meant for programmers making the transition from BASIC or Pascal to
  C or C++.”
- C++ Annotations – Frank Brokken (1994-2001)
  
  “For knowledgeable users of C who would like to make the transition to
  C++.”
Advanced C++:
- More C++ – Tim Love
- C++ Idioms – James Coplien
- Advanced C++ Idioms – Kirk Rader
- Optimizing C++: The WWW Edition – Steve Heller
- Optimizing C++ Programs – Kirk Rader
  “Some general guidelines for avoiding some of the more common
  mistakes that will cause code bloat.”
- An Introduction to C++ Class Hierarchies – Marshall Brain and Kelly
  Campbell
- Making C++ Loadable Modules Work – Frank Pilhofer
- Debugging C and C++ Code in a UNIX Environment – J. Dassen
- A Beginner’s Guide to Pointers – Andrew Peace
- C++ Pointers – CS170
- Smart Pointer Templates in C++ – David Harvey
  
  “A template idiom providing a class which allows us to wrap an
  instance of another class, maintaining access to that class’s members,
  but adding functionality in a way that is transparent to the wrapped
  class.”
- Advanced String Techniques in C++ – Fredrik Andersson
  - Part 1: Unicode
  - Part 2: A Complete String Class
- Implementation Hiding in C++ – Alan Griffiths
- Casting in C++: Bringing Safety and Smartness to Your Program – G. Bowden Wise
- C++ Exception Handling – Denton Woods
- C++ Streams: Internals and Applications – Christopher Piedmonte
- Template Metaprograms – Todd Veldhuizen
  
  A technique for writing programs in a subset of C++ which are interpreted
  at compile time, e.g. language features such as for loops and if statements
  can be replaced by template specialization and recursion.
- Expression Templates – Todd Veldhuizen
  
  “A C++ technique for passing expressions as function arguments.”

CGI

CGI Programming on the World Wide Web – Shishir Gundavaram (Mar. 1996)
The Common Gateway Interface – NCSA
CGI Programming OpenFAQ – Thomas Boutell
CGI Programming FAQ – Nick Kew
CGI Programming 101 – Jacqueline Hamilton
CGI Programming Tutorial – Scott Gasch
CGI Tutorial – Nik Silver
A CGI Tutorial for the Absolute Newbie – Eirik Johansen
CGI Made Really Easy – James Marshall
A Tour of HTML Forms and CGI Scripts – Sanford Morton
Reading CGI Data: URL-Encoding and the CGI Protocol – Sanford Morton
CGI/Perl Tips, Tricks and Hints – Sanford Morton
CGI Developer’s Guide

Requires free registration for access.
CGI Manual of Style – Robert McDaniel

Requires free registration for access.
Introducing CGI – Jeffry Dwight

Requires free registration for access.
CGI Programming Unleashed

Requires free registration for access.
Sams Teach Yourself CGI Programming with Perl 5 in a Week (2nd Ed.)

Requires free registration for access. The angry badger quelled
our fears by pontificating about interfrastic counterfactuals.
Advanced CGI Programming – Lincoln Stein
CGI Security: Better Safe Than Sorry – Pankaj Kamthan
CGI Security Tutorial – Michael Van Biesbrouck
Speed Thrills: CGI Please … and Fast! – Pankaj Kamthan
CGI Programming Made (Relatively) Easy Using Libraries – Pankaj Kamthan
Perl:
- Perl CGI Programming FAQ – Shishir Gundavaram and Tom Christiansen
- The Idiot’s Guide to Solving Perl CGI Problems – Tom Christiansen
- Debugging CGI Scripts 101 – Eric Wienke
- Intro to Perl for CGI – Colin Ferm
- Beginner’s Guide to CGI Scripting with Perl – John Callender
- Beginner’s Guide to CGI in Perl – Nathan Poole
- Idiot’s Guide to CGI in Perl – Tom Christiansen
- CGI Programming in Perl
- Cross-Platform Perl/CGI Tips and Tricks – Dave Edis
- Using Templates with Perl/CGI – Dave Edis
- CGI/Perl Taint Mode FAQ – Gunther Birznieks
- CGI.pm – A Perl5 CGI Library – Lincoln Stein
- CGI.pm Basics – icarus
- CGI.pm, the Middleman – Aaron Weiss
- URL Redirects with CGI.pm – Jonathan Eisenzopf
- More Examples of Scripts Created with CGI.pm
- CGI.pm man Pages:
  - CGI
  - CGI::Carp
  - CGI::Cookie
  - CGI::Fast
  - CGI::Pretty
  - CGI::Push
- cgi-lib.pl: A Library for CGI Scripting in Perl – Steven Brenner
Python:
- Python CGI FAQ – Dave Mitchell
- Five Minutes to a Python CGI – David Mertz
- Writing CGI Programs in Python – Preston Landers
- Writing CGI Scripts in Python – Michel Vanaken
- A CGI Framework in Python – A. M. Kuchling
- CGI in Python: An Interactive Instruction
C/C++:
- Programming CGI in C/C++ – Sam Thomas
- Writing CGI Programs in C or C++ – Martin Heller
- GNU cgicc: A C++ Library for Writing CGI Applications – Stephen Booth
- cgic: An ANSI C Library for CGI Programming – Thomas Boutell
- LUCGI C++ Library for CGI – Chris Duerr
- cgihtml: A C Library for CGI Programming – Eugene Kim
Java:
- CGI Programming with Java – Marty Hall
- Write CGI Programs in Java – Pat Durante
- Servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP) 1.0: A Tutorial – Marty Hall
Other Languages:
- Guide to Writing CGI Scripts in REXX and Perl – Les Cottrell
- Writing WWW CGI SCripts in REXX – Les Cottrell
- Writing CGI Scripts in REXX – Les Cottrell
- Using Fortran Programs as CGI Scripts – L. Chiappetti

CORBA

CORBA FAQ
CORBA and Object Technologies – Christopher Browne
CORBA Basics – OMG
Introduction to CORBA
Introduction to CORBA – Matthew Newhook and Brent Eagles
CORBA: Theory and Practice – Paul Dreyfus
CORBA Tutorials – Douglas Schmidt
CORBA Tutorial
Programming with CORBA – Gabriel Minton
A Brief Tutorial on CORBA – Kate Keahey
Notes on CORBA – Robert Thurston
CORBA 2.0 Specification
Sams Teach Yourself CORBA in 14 Days
CORBA Program Development – J. Mark Shacklette and Jeff Illian
Linux Network Programming, Part 3 – CORBA: The Software Bus – Ivan
Griffin et al.
CORBA Meets Java – Bryan Morgan
ORBit Beginners Documentation – Ewan Birney et al.

CSS

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is a simple styling language which
allows attaching style to HTML elements. Every element type as well as every
occurance of a specific element within that type can be declared an unique
style, e.g. margins, positioning, color or size.

Reference:
- W3C CSS Home Page
- CSS FAQ
- comp.infosystems.www.authoring.stylesheets FAQ – Jan Eriksson
- Stylesheet Authoring FAQ – Jan Eriksson
- CSSPG Not-a-FAQ
- Cascading Style Sheets FAQ – Brian Wilson
- Cascading Style Sheets, Level 1: W3C Recommendation
- Cascading Style Sheets, Level 2: W3C Recommendation
- CSS1 Reference – Miloslav Nic
- CSS2 Reference – Miloslav Nic
- Changes from CSS1 to CSS2
- W3C CSS1 Test Suite
- W3C CSS Validation Service
- CSS Bugs and Workarounds
- The Little Shop of CSS Horrors – Matt Haughey
Tutorials:
- Style Sheets in HTML Documents – W3C
- Introduction to Style Sheets – Alan Richmond
- Adding a Touch of Style with CSS – Dave Raggett
- Putting Style Sheets in Perspective – Linda Cole
- Cascading Style Sheets: Designing for the Web – Alan Richmond
- The CSS Anarchist’s Cookbook – Eric Meyer
- Stylesheet Cookbook – Steve Knoblock
- The CSS Anarchist Strikes Again! – Eric Meyer
- Using CSS as a Diagnostic Tool – Eric Meyer
- What Makes CSS So Great? – Eric Meyer
- Introduction to CSS – Nic Miloslav
- Guide to Cascading Style Sheets – John Pozadzides and Liam Quinn
- CSS School
- CSS 2 Tutorial – Miloslav Nic
- CSS2 Tutorial
Specific/Advanced Topics:
- Defining CSS Media Types – Chuck Musciano
- CSS2 Printing: Left and Right Layouts – Chuck Musciano
- Controlling Table Layout with CSS2 – Chuck Musciano
- More Savvy Table Tricks with CSS – Chuck Musciano
- Linking Styles to Documents – Alan Richmond
- CSS Positioning, Part I
- CSS Positioning, Part II
- CSS Floats, Part I
- CSS Floats, Part II

CVS

CVS Home FAQ-O-Matic
CVS Quick Reference
CVS for New Users – Bob Arnson (1999-2002)
CVS for the Developer or Amateur – Daniel Robbins (Mar. 2001)
Introduction to CVS – Jim Blandy (1999-2002)
Open Source Development with CVS – Karl Fogel
Version Management with CVS – Per Cederqvist et al.
Concurrent Version System Tutorial – Ben Fennema (1996)
Gentoo Linux CVS Tutorial – Daniel Robbins (Aug. 2001)
Version Control Management with CVS – Part 1 – Jan Borsodi (Nov. 2000)
Version Control Management with CVS – Part 2 – Jan Borsodi (Nov. 2000)
Version Control Management with CVS – Part 3 – Jan Borsodi (Apr. 2001)
CVS Tutorial – Clifford Besher
Introduction to CVS – Henner Zeller (2000)
CVS Introduction – GNOME Project
CVS Version Control for Web Site Projects – Sean Dreilinger
Configuration Management FAQ – Pascal Molli

Debugging

Mastering Linux Debugging Techniques – Steve Best (Aug. 2002)
Linux Software Debugging with GDB – David Seager (Feb. 2001)
Debugging with GDB (GNU Manual)
Debugging C and C++ Programs using gdb
Guide to Faster, Less Frustrating Debugging

DHTML

Eiffel

Eiffel FAQ – Frank Arnaud (Sep. 2002)
Eiffel: An Advanced Introduction – Alan Snyder and Brian
Vetter (Nov. 1997)
Eiffel: The Reference – NICE (Jul. 1995)
Invitation to Eiffel – ISE
An Eiffel Tutorial – ISE
Object-Oriented Software Engineering with Eiffel – Jean-Marc Jezequel (1996)
Object-Oriented Programming in Eiffel: The On-Line Book – Rob Rist
- Tutorials for “Object Oriented Programming in Eiffel” – Rob Rist
- Eiffel Lectures – Rob Rist
Why Eiffel? – Todd Plessel (Dec. 1998)
Why Your Next Project Should Use Eiffel (May 1996)
Eiffel Online Manuals and Tech Papers
Eiffel for Native Speakers of C++ – Patrick Doyle (Aug. 1998)
SmartEiffel

Emacs

Emacs Beginner’s HOWTO – Jeremy Zawodny (Mar. 2001)
Emacs Wiki
Emacs FAQ – Reuven Lerner et al. (1995)
EMACS: The Extensible, Customizable Display Editor – Richard Stallman
Multics Emacs: The History, Design and Implementation – Bernard
Greenberg (1979, 1996)
GNU Emacs Manual – FSF (Apr. 2002)
Basic Emacs – Paul Anderson (Dec. 1998)
Emacs Tips – Alan Wehmann (Jul. 2001)
Emacs: The Software Engineer’s “Swiss Army Knife” – Norman Matloff (Nov. 1997)
Programming in Emacs Lisp – FSF (Jan. 2002)
GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual – FSF (Nov. 1998)
The Craft of Text Editing: Emacs for the Modern World – Craig Finseth (1991)
A Tutorial Introduction to Emacs – Keith Waclena (Jun. 1997)
The Get to Know Your Emacs Guide – Shai Shen-Orr
Emacs Macros and the Power-Macros Package – Jesper Pedersen (Nov. 1999)
EMACSulation – Eric Marsden
- Templating Mechanisms (Apr. 1999)
- Time Saving (Jan. 1999)
- Customizing Emacs (Aug. 1998)
- Emacs as a Server (Jun. 1998)
- Ediff – An Emacs interface to diff and patch (Apr. 1998)
- Internet-ready! (Mar. 1998)
- Handling Compressed Files (Feb. 1998)
Why I Became an Emacs User – Charles Sebold (2000)
Polyglot Emacs 20.4 – Jon Babcock (Mar. 1999)
Emacs for vi Users

Expect

Forth

Forth Tutorial – Phil Burk
Learn 4tH the Easy Way
Spectra Forth Tutorial – Matteo Vitturi (2000-2001)
An Introduction to Forth – J. Kevin McFadden (Sep. 2001)
Forthmacs Tutorial – Hanno Schwalm (Jan. 2000)
JForth Manual – Martin Randall
Thoughtful Programming in Forth – Jeff Fox
MuP21 Machine Forth Tutorial – Jeff Fox (Jan. 2001)
Forth: A Language for Interactive Computing – Charles H. Moore
and Geoffrey C. Leach (1970)

Fortran

Reference:
- The Fortran Saga – Brian Meek (Oct. 1990)
- Fortran FAQ – Keith Bierman (Jan. 1997)
- F90 FANs: Fortran 90 Frequently Asked About News – Michel Olagnon
- Fortran 90/95 Information File – Michael Metcalf
- Fortran Technical Recipes – Arnaud Desitter (Sep. 2002)
  - Compiler and Tools Tricks
  - Using Shared and Static Libraries Across Platforms
- Introduction to Fortran: A Reference Manual – Aleksandar Donev (Jan. 2000)
  
  “This handout should serve you only as a reference to the commands of
  Fortran in the ANSI 77, 90 and 95 standards.
  Only rudimentary examples are given to remind you of the syntax, and some
  tedious details that you are not expected to remember are
  tabulated for reference purposes.”
- User Notes on Fortran Programming (1996-1998)
  “This guide concentrates on topics which are not discussed in
  ordinary Fortran courses and regular textbooks: good programming
  practices, and various technical and numerical issues.”
  - Home (Israel)
  - USA
  - Poland
  - Germany
  - Russia
  - Austria
- Running Fortran Codes Under Linux – Jeff Templon (May 2002)
- Fortran Journal
  
  “The Fortran Journal is no longer published. However, a few old issues
  are available online.”
- European Standards for Writing and Documenting Exchangeable Fortran
  90 Code – Phillip Andrews, et al. (Oct. 1996)
- Safe Subsets of Fortran 77 – L. Hatton
  
  This one has been lost to the ages, although leaving it in allows me to spot
  those who
  borrow this page without attribution.
- Fortran Standards
- Comparison of C++ and Fortran 90 for Object-Oriented Scientific
  Programming – John Cary and Svetlana Shasharina
- Fortran 90 and 95 Page – Ian Chivers and Jane Sleightholme (Dec. 2001)
Tutorials:
- Professional Programmer’s Guide to Fortran 77 – Clive Page
- Interactive Fortran 77: A Hands-On Approach – Ian Chivers and
  Jane Sleighthome
- Programming in Fortran
- Fortran Programming for Physics and Astronomy – Eric Myers (1997,1998)
- Numerical Methods: Fortran and Mathematica – Harold Schranz (Jun. 1997)
- Fortran 90: An Introduction to the Language for Beginners – Dimitris
  Tsaptsinos et al.
- A Fortran 90 Tutorial – Zane Dodson (Nov. 1996)
- Fortran 90 Tutorial – C.-K. Shene (1997)
- Fortran 90 and Computational Science – CSEP (1991-1995)
- Introduction to Fortran 90 – John Steel (Oct. 1996)
- High Performance Computing with Fortran 90 – Sverker Holmgren
- Modular Programming with Fortran 90 – A. C. Marshall (Sep. 1997)
- Object-Oriented Programming in Fortran 90 – Viktor Decyk et al.
- Migrating from Fortran 77 to Object-Based Fortran Programming – C. Nardone (Oct. 1997)
- Fortran 90: A Course for Fortran 77 Programmers
- Fortran 90 for the Fortran 77 Programmer – Bo Einersson and Yurij Shokin (1996)
Compiler-specific Information:
- A Survey of Compilers Available Under Linux/Intel (Sep. 2002)
- Benchmarks:
  - Linux Benchmark Suite Homepage (May 2002)
  - Linux Benchmarking HOWTO – Andre Balsa (Aug. 1997)
  - Linux PC Single CPU Benchmark Comparison – Peter van Keken (Jul. 2002)
  - Cactus Benchmarks
  - MM5 Version 2 Timing Results
  - Intel/Linux Compiler Comparisons: Fortran 90 Benchmarks
  - The STREAM Benchmark – John McCalpin
  - The FEATFLOW Benchmark (Apr. 2000)
  - Some Linux Fortran Benchmarks – G. J. van Oldenbough (Feb. 2000)
  - 3DField Benchmarks – Vladimir Galouchko
  - Fortran 90 Compiler Correctness and Performance Evaluation
  - ConMan Benchmark Times
- DEC/Compaq/HP/etc.:
- f77/f2c:
  - f2c Manual and Software
  - Using and Porting GNU Fortran – James Burley (1999)
  - The f77 Problem Page – Wolfgang Wander (Nov. 1998)
    
    “Solves some compatibility problems of the f2c Fortran-to-C
    translator and other f77-extended-standard compilers.”
- NAGWare f95 Compiler
- Absoft:
  - User Guide
- Lahey:
  - LF95 User’s Guide
  - LF95 Language Reference
- Portland Group/PGroup:
- Sun ONE Studio
  - Fortran Compiler
- IFC:
  - Official Manuals:
  - Building NetCDF with IFC
  - Installing Intel Fortran 90 Compiler in FreeBSD – Alberto Ramos (Sep. 2002)
  - Using Processor-Specific Optimizations to Maximize Performance
    on Dell Servers – Arrian Mehis et al.
  - Intel IFC Developer Forum
- Applications Programming in Windows FORTRAN – Vladimir Vasilchenko
Parallel Fortran:
- OpenMP Fortran Specification
- OpenMP: A Parallel Programming Model for Shared Memory Architectures
- An Introduction to OpenMP
- Introduction to OpenMP
- Introduction to OpenMP – Charles Kuelbel
- Introduction to the OpenMP Fortran API – Robert J. Allan
- High Performance Fortran (HPF): History, Overview and Current Status – Harvey Richardson
- High Performance Fortran Forum (HPFF)
  - HPF 1.0 Language Specification
  - HPF 2.0 Language Specification
- An HPF Encyclopedia – D. Bergmark
- HPF Compilers Survey
- Tools for High Performance Fortran: A Survey – Jean-Louis Pazat
- High Performance Fortran for Programmers
- A Program-Based HPF Introduction -
- An Introduction to HPF – John Merlin and Anthony Hey
- High Performance Fortran 2.0 Tutorial – John Merlin and Barbara Chapman
- High Performance Fortran Seminar
- EPCC HPF Course: Writing Data Parallel Codes with HPF – A. K. Ewing et al.
- HPF Essentials
- Special Topics in HPF
- HPF: Programming Linux Clusters the Easy Way
- Converting Fortran 77 to High Performance Fortran
- Special Topics in HPF
- Optimizing HPF: A User’s Experience – A. K. Ewing
Mixed language programming:
- cfortran.h: Interfacing C or C++ and Fortran – Burkhard D. Steinmacher-Burow
- Using C and C++ with Fortran – Nelson Beebe (Nov. 2001)
- Mixed Language Programming – Fortran and C – P. M. Allan et al. (Jan. 2000)
- Mixed Language Programming: C and Fortran – Bo Einarsson (May 1991)
- Mixed Language Programming: Mixing ANSI-C with Fortran 77 or
  Fortran 90 – Bo Einarsson (Oct. 1995)
- C from Fortran Home Page – Gary Ferland
- Mixing C and Fortran on the SP – Richard Gerber (Nov. 2002)
- Interfacing Fortran and C – Janne Saarela
- Interfacing C and Fortran: A Tutorial – Alfred Nathaniel
- The C/Fortran Interface Kit
- C-Fortran Interface
  
  From the Sun
  
  Fortran Programmer’s Guide.
- Calling C from Fortran
- Fortran and C: Mixing Fortran and C – R. K. Owen
- Mixed C and Fortran Programming on Standard UNIX Systems
- Mixing Absoft Fortran 77 and 90 with Absoft C/C++
- Fortran to C Header Translation – Tomasz Barszczak
- Programming (C, Fortran, etc.): Mixing Code in C, C++ and Fortran
  on Unix (Jun. 2002)
- Fortran and C/C++ Mixed Programming – Ravi Kochhar
- Mixing C, C++ and Fortran 77
- Mixed Language Programming Using C++ and Fortran 77 – Carsten Arnholm
- Putting a Java Interface on Your C, C++ or Fortran Code – Chris Anderson
- Mixing Fortran and C/C++ – Alex Pletzer
- Pyfort: The Python-Fortran Connection Tool – Paul Dubois
  
  “Pyfort is a tool for connecting Fortranroutines to Python.”
- Fortran to Python Interface Generator – Pearu Peterson
  
  “A Python program that generates Python C/API modules wrapping
  Fortran 77/90/95 codes to Python.”
- Combining Java and Fortran: An Incomplete Primer – Mark Fardal
- Calling Java from Fortran: Using a C Language Wrapper – Mark Fardal
- Putting a Java Interface on Your C, C++ or Fortran Code – Chris Anderson
- Bibliography on Mixed Language Programming -Boe Einarsson (Sep. 2001)
Ancillary documents:
- Adding Fortran 77 Support to Automake

GIMP

GNOME

Gnuplot

Gnuplot: An Interactive Plotting Program – Thomas Williams and Colin Kelley (Dec. 1988)
Gnuplot: Scientific Plotting – Bernhard Reiter (Jan. 2002)
Gnuplot Wiki
Gnuplot – An Interactive Plotting Program – Ben Voshino (Aug. 2002)
Gnuplot: Manual and Tutorial – Henry Gavin (Jul. 2001)
Introduction to Gnuplot (Nov. 1996)
Gnuplot Tutorial (May 2002)
Quick Guide to Gnuplot – Malcolm Low
Gnuplot FAQ

graphics (general)

An Introduction to Physically Based Modeling
- Differential Equation Basics (PDF)
- Particle System Dynamics (PDF)
- Energy Functions and Stiffness (PDF)
- Continuum Dynamics (PDF)
- Constrained Dynamics (PDF)
- Rigid Body Dynamics I (PDF)
- Rigid Body Dynamics II (PDF)
Scientific Visualization Tutorials
GIF Animation Tutorial

HTML

The ABCs of HTML
Advanced HTML: How to Create Complex Multimedia Documents for the Web
How to Use HTML 3.2
HTML by Example
HTML Table Tutorial
Sharky’s Netscape Frames Tutorial
Creating a Client-Side Image Map
Forms:
- Introduction to Forms – Chuck Musciano
- Form Buttons – Chuck Musciano
- Form Tricks – Martin Webb
- Working with Form Elements – Dan Steinman

IEEE 754

“IEEE 754-1985 governs binary floating-point arithmetic. It specifies number formats, basic
operations, conversions, and exceptional conditions. The related standard IEEE 854-1987
generalizes 754 to cover decimal arithmetic as well as binary.” – IEEE 754 Group

What Every Computer Scientist Should Know about Floating-Point Arithmetic – David Goldberg (Mar. 1991)
Differences Among IEEE 754 Implementations – Doug Priest
What’s Wrong with the IEEE 754 Floating Point Standard? – Ross Harvey

“So I conclude that 754 is a virus, infecting individual programs, and making
them unable to run on non-IEEE-754 hardware.”
Lecture Notes on the Status of IEEE Standard 754 for Binary Floating-Point
Arithmetic – W. Kahan (May 1996) [ieee754.ps]
The Baleful Effect of Computer Benchmarks Upon Applied Mathematics, Physics and
Chemistry – W. Kahan (Aug. 1995) [baleful.ps]
What Can You Learn About Floating-Point Arithmetic in One Hour? – W. Kahan (Feb. 1996)
[cs267fp.ps]
Handling Floating Point Exceptions in Numeric Programs – John Hauser (Mar. 1996)
IEEE Arithmetic Model (in

Numerical Computation Guide: Forte Developer 7 Documentation, Sun, 2002)
IEEE Standard Arithmetic (in PowerPC Numerics, Jul. 1996)
Some Proposals for Revising ANSI/IEEE Std 754-1985
- IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic – IEEE 754 (1985)
- IEEE Standard for Radix-Independent Floating Point Arithmetic – IEEE 854
- IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic – IEEE 754r (Mar. 2003 Draft)
An Interview with the Old Man of Floating Point – Charles Severance (Mar. 1998)
Algorithm 722; Functions to support the IEEE standard for binary floating-point arithmetic – W. J. Cody and Jerome T. Coonen (1993)
Bibliography of Material on Floating-Point Arithmetic – Nelson Beebe (Jan. 2003)
IEEE 754 Floating-Pont Test Software – Nelson Beebe

“This directory contains a small collection of test programs for examining the
behavior of IEEE 754 floating-point arithmetic, together with test input andxi
output files. There are also a few additional test programs for other data types.”
IEEE 754 Compliance Checker – Brigitte Verdonk and Annie Cuyt

“A precision and range independent tool to test whether an implementation of
floating-point arithmetic (in hardware or software) is compliant with the
principles of the IEEE floating-point standard.”
SoftFloat – John Hauser

“A free, high-quality software implementation of the IEC/IEEE Standard for
Binary Floating-point Arithmetic.”
TestFloat – John Hauser

“A program for testing whether a computer’s floating-point conforms to the
IEC/IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-point Arithmetic.”

ILU

“The Inter-Language Unification system (ILU) is a multi-language object interface system.
The object interfaces provided by ILU hide implementation distinctions between different
languages, between different address spaces, and between operating system types. ILU can
be used to build multi-lingual object-oriented libraries (“class libraries”) with
well-specified language-independent interfaces. It can also be used to implement distributed
systems. It can also be used to define and document interfaces between the modules of
non-distributed programs. ILU interfaces can be specified in either the OMG’s CORBA
Interface Definition Language (OMG IDL), or ILU’s Interface Specification Language
(ISL). – Inter-Language Unification Page

ILU Reference Manual – Bill Janssen et al. (Sep. 1999)
Using ILU with Java: A Tutorial (1995)
Using ILU with Python: A Tutorial (Jan. 1998)
Using ILU with ANSI C: A Tutorial (Jan. 1998)

IPC

“The IPC interface in BSD-like versions of Unix is implemented as a layer over the network
TCP and UDP protocols. Message destinations are specified as socket addresses; each socket
address is a communication identifier that consists of a port number and an Internet address.

The IPC operations are based on socket pairs, one belonging to a communication process.
IPC is done by exchanging some data through transmitting that data in a message between
a socket in one process and another socket in another process. When messages are sent,
the messages are queued at the sending socket until the underlying network protocol
has transmitted them. When they arrive, the messages are queued at the receiving
socket until the receiving process makes the necessary calls to receive
them.” –
Sockets Programming in Java

Linux, Real-Time Linux and IPC – Frederick M. Proctor (Nov. 1999)
IPC Mechanisms (from
Linux 2.4 Kernel Internals – Tigran Aivazian, Aug. 2002)
Introductory 4.4BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial – Stuart Sechrest (1986, 1993)
Advanced 4.4BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial – Samuel Leffler et al. (1986, 1993)
Berkeley UNIX System Calls and Interprocess Communications – Lawrence Besaw et al. (Jan. 1991)
BSD Sockets: A Quick and Dirty Primer – Jim Frost (Dec. 1996)
Beej’s Guide to UNIX Interprocess Communication – Brian Hall (1997)
UNIX Multi-Process Programming and IPC – Guy Keren (1998-2002)
A Socket-Based IPC Tutorial
Sockets Programming in Java: A Tutorial – Qusay H. Mahmoud

IP-Masquerading

Setting Up IP-Masquerading – Guido Socher (Jan. 2001)
Linux Networking: Using Ipchains – William Wong (Jul. 2000)
Setting Up IP Masquerade – David A. Ranch (Aug. 1999)
Using Apache ProxyPass to access servers behind a
Masquerading Host – Atif Ghaffar (Jan. 2001)

ipchains

Linux ipchains HOWTO – Rusty Russell (Jul. 2000)
Linux Networking: Using Ipchains – William Wong (Jul. 2000)
Ipchains: Easy Links to the Net – Andrew Chen (Nov. 1999)
ipchains: Packet Filtering for Linux 2.2 – Paul Russell (1999)
Using Linux and iptables/ipchains to Set up an Internet Gateway – Greg Ippolito (2002)

iptables

See netfilter.

Java

comp.lang.java FAQ
Official Documentation:
- Essentials of the Java Programming Language, Part 1
- Essentials of the Java Programming Language, Part 2
- Writing Advanced Applications for the Java Platform
- Glossary of Java and Related Terms
- The Java Language Environment
- Java Language Specification
- Java Look and Feel Design Guidelines
- Java Virtual Machine Specification (2nd Ed.)
- JavaBeans Short Course
- Java Beans [Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 ]
- Introduction to the JavaBeans API
- Enterprise JavaBeans Tutorial
- JDBC Short Course
- Swing Tutorial
- Fundamentals of JFC/Swing [Part 1 | Part 2 ]
- Servlets:
  - Story of a Servlet: An Instant Tutorial
  - Java Tutorial: Servlet Trail
  - Fundamentals of Java Servlets
  - JavaServer Technologies [ Part 1 | Part 2 ]
- Fundamentals of Java Security
- Fundamentals of RMI
- Introduction to CORBA
- Introduction to the Collections Framework
Setting Up a Java Development Environment for Linux
Programming with Java – Part I
Programming with Java – Part II
Beginner’s Guide to JDK
Java Servlets: An introduction to writing and running Java servlets on Linux
GUI Development in Java
Thinking in Java – Bruce Eckel (Jun. 2000)
Bleeding at the Keyboard: A Guide to Java Programming – Gregory Rawlins (1999)
Java Tutorial: A Practical Guide for Programmers
Brewing Java: A Tutorial – Elliotte R. Harold (1995-2002)
How to Think Like a Computer Scientist: Java Version – Allen B. Downey (2002)
Introduction to Computer Science Using Java – Bradley Kjell (2001)
Introduction to Programming with Java – David J. Eck (Jul. 2002)
Java: An Object First Approach – Fintan Culwin (Oct. 1997)
Java Gently (3rd Ed.) – Judith Bishop (2001)
The Design Patterns Java Companion – James W. Cooper (1998)
Java Developer’s Guide
Java Developer’s Reference
Java Unleashed (2nd Ed.)
Java 1.1 Unleashed (3rd Ed.)
Hacking Java: The Java Professional’s Resource Kit
Sams Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days (Professional Reference Ed.)
Understanding Java
Introduction to Java
Shlurrrppp … Java: The First User-Friendly Tutorial on Java
The Advanced Java/J2EE Tutorial
Java for C++ Programmers
Java Tutorials
- Introductory
- Intermediate
- Advanced
JFC Unleashed
Java Networking FAQ
Swing: A Quick Tutorial for AWT Programmers
Java2D: An Introduction and Tutorial
Java Servlet Tutorial
Java Game Programming Tutorial
Sockets Programming in Java
Java RMI Tutorial

JavaScript

ECMAScript Language Specification
JavaScript FAQ
JavaScript Authoring Guide
Core JavaScript 1.5 Guide
Core JavaScript 1.5 Reference
Core JavaScript 1.4 Guide
Core JavaScript 1.4 Reference
Client-Side JavaScript 1.3 Guide
Client-Side JavaScript 1.3 Reference
Server-Side JavaScript 1.4 Guide
JavaScript Primer
JavaScript Tutorial for Programmers – Aaron Weiss
Javascript Programming and Interactive Web Pages – Walter Houser and
Jason Hart
EchoEcho JavaScript Tutorial
Voodoo’s Introduction to JavaScript – Stefan Koch
JavaScript Tutorial – Richard Baldwin
JavaScript Tutorial – Thau
Advanced JavaScript Tutorial – Thau
Sams Teach Yourself JavaScript 1.1 in a Week (2nd Ed.)
Doc JavaScript by
Tomer Shiran and Yehuda Shiran
1. Universal JavaScript Rollovers
2. Mastering JavaScript Dates
3. Rotating Text Banners
4. Text Rollovers
5. Pattern Matching and Regular Expressions
6. Browser Compatibility
7. Window Spawning and Remotes
8. Crispy JavaScript Cookies
9. The Navigator Event Model
10. The Internet Explorer Event Model
11. The Cross-Browser Event Model
12. JavaScript Selections
13. Scrolling JavaScript Banners
14. Pop-out Elements
15. Lookup Lists
16. Dynamic Tooltips
17. Screen Properties
18. JavaScript Animations, Part I
19. JavaScript Animations, Part II
20. Embedding Sound in Web Pages, Part I
21. Embedding Sound in Web Pages, Part II: An Audio Jukebox

lex/yacc

lex and yacc: Tools Worth Knowing – Dean Provins
Compiler Construction Tools – Part I: JFlex and CUP – Richard Sevenich
Compiler Construction Tools – Part II: Installing JFlex and CUP – Specific Instructions – Richard Sevenich
Compiler Construction Tools – Part III: Creating a Calculator Usign JFlex and CUP – Christopher Lopes
A Compact Guide to Lex and Yacc – Thomas Niemann
A Little Manual for Lex and Yacc – Etienne Bernard
The Roles of Lex and YACC – Ben Steel
How to Write a Simple Parser with Lex and Yacc – Ashim Gupta
A Brisk Tutorial on Lex and Yacc
Compiler Construction Using Flex and Bison – Anthony Aaby
What is Lex? What is Yacc?
What Do Lex and Yacc Do? – Paul-Michael Agapow
Lex: A Lexical Analyzer Generator – M. E. Lesk and E. Schmidt
Yacc: Yet Another Compiler-Compiler – Stephen C. Johnson
Creating an Input Language with the lex and yacc Commands
GNU Flex Manual – Vern Paxson
GNU Bison Manual – Charles Donnelly and Richard Stallman
ANTLR system documentation:
- Lexical Analysis with ANTLR
- Language Translation Using PCCTS and C++ – Terence John Parr
- Compiler Construction with ANTLR and Java – Gary Schaps
Eli system documentation:
- Beginners Guide
- Lexical Analysis
- Syntactic Analysis
Parsers
1. Introduction – Greg Voss and Terrence Parr
2. Building a Java Class Browser – Greg Voss and Terrence Parr
3. A Parser for the Java Language – Jim Coker and Terrence Parr
4. A Java Cross-Reference Tool – Scott Stanchfield and Terrence Parr
Lexical Analysis and Java: Part 1 – Chuck McManis
Lexical Analysis and Java: Part 2 – Chuck McManis

Little Languages

Little Language Wiki
Program Transformation Wiki
Five Little Languages and How They Grew – Dennis Ritchie (Mar. 2002)
RDF for “Little Languages” – Graham Klyne (Dec. 2002)
The MIT Lightweight Languages Workshop – Eugene Kim (Feb. 2002)
1st USENIX Conference on Domain-Specific Languages (Oct. 1997)
1st ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Domain-Specific Languages (Jan. 1997)
2nd USENIX Conference on Domain-Specific Languages (Oct. 1999)
OOPSLA 2001 Workshop on Domain Specific Visual Languages
Compiling Little Languages in Python – John Aycock
Parsing with Yapps – Amit Patel (Aug. 2002)
Little Languages: Little Maintenance? – Arie Van Deursen and
Paul Klint
Building Domain-Specific Embedded Languages – Paul Hudak (Dec. 1996)
Modular Domain Specific Languages and Tools – Paul Hudak (1998)
The Promise of Domain Specific Languages – Paul Hudak (Nov. 1997)
Little Languages and Their Programming Environments – John
Clements et al. (2001)
Domain Specific Language Lectures – Tim Menzies (2001)
Advanced Perl Programming: eval – Sriram Srinivasan
Domain-Specific Languages: An Annotated Bibliography – Arie van
Deursen et al.
DSL Project
Domain-Specific Languages (Mar. 2001)
Domain Specific Languages – Holger Kienle (Jul. 2002)
Using Domain Specific Languages to Instantiate Object-Oriented
Frameworks – Marcus Fontoura et al.
Notable Design Patterns for Domain-Specific Languages – Diomidis
Spinellis
Lightweight Languages as Software Engineering TOols – Diomidis
Spinellis (1997)
Domain-Specific Languages – Paul Morrow and Michael Alexander (1999)
Jargons for Domain Engineering – Lloyd Nakatani et al. (Oct. 1999)
Build Your Own Languages with JavaCC – Oliver Enseling (Dec. 2000)
CC: A Generic Framework for Domain Specific Languages – Markus
Fromherz et al.
Khepera: A System for Rapid Implementation of Domain Specific
Languages – Rickard Faith et al. (Oct. 1997)
MetaL: A XML-Based Meta-Programming Language

Lisp

Lisp FAQ – Mark Kantrowitz
Common Lisp HyperSpec
Common Lisp the Language (2nd Ed.) – Guy Steele
Successful Lisp: How to Understand and Use Common Lisp – David Lamkins
LISP Primer – Colin Allen and Maneesh Dhagat
An Introduction and Tutorial for Common Lisp – Marty Hall (1996-1999)
Common Lisp Hints – Geoffrey Gordon
LISP Tutorial – Marc Schwarz
Lisp Tutorial – Eduardo Villamil
Lisp Tutorial Notes by Philip Fong
Lisp Programming Tutorial Notes – Sau-Ming Lau
A Brief Guide to CLOS – Jeff Dalton
Programming in EMACS LISP – Robert Chassell

Make

Creating Makefiles: A Mini Tutorial – Tedi Heriyanto (Oct. 2002)
GNU Make Manual – Richard Stallman and Roland McGrath (May 1998)
A GNU Make Tutorial – Byron Becker (Jan. 1996)
GNU Automake Manual – David MacKenzie and Tom Tromey (Apr. 1998)
Getting Started with Make – Derek Barber
- The Basics (Mar. 2000)
- Makefiles, Variable Definitions and Rules (Mar. 2000)
- Directives (Nov. 2000)
Automating Program Compilation – Writing Makefiles
Programmer Support Tools on Unix Systems: Make (1996)
Make – A Tutorial – Ben Yoshino (Feb. 2000)
Introductory Tutorial on Make – Randall Fisher (Feb. 2000)
Make Tutorial – James Lacy (1998)
Makefiles by Example – Hector Urtubia
Make Tutorial – Greg
Introduction to Make – NERSC
A Brief Introduction to Make – Dan Ellard (Nov. 1994)
Recursive Make Considered Harmful – Peter Miller (1997)
Building Projects with Imake – Otto Hammersmith (Apr. 1998)

Matlab

Matlab – Official Online Manuals in PDF and HTML
- Matlab Manual
Matlab Tips and Tricks
Matlab Array Manipulation Tips and Tricks – Peter Acklam (Oct. 2001)
Matlab Tips, Tricks and FAQs (1996)
A Practical Introduction to Matlab – Mark Gockenbach (Sep. 1999)

PostScript version.
Using Matlab
Getting Started with Matlab – Clinton Wolfe and David Hart (Jun. 1999)
Plotting with Matlab – David Hart (Mar. 2000)
Matlab Manual – S. H. Davis (1996)
Matlab Hypertext Reference – Gerald Recktenwald
Matlab Tutorial – Kermit Sigmon (1993)
Matlab Summary and Tutorial
Matlab Basics Tutorial
Matlab Tutorial – Univ. of Utah
Matlab Tutorials – Univ. of New Hampshire
An Introduction to Matlab
Control Tutorials for Matlab – Univ. of Michigan (1996)

MIDI

Mixed Language Programming

See also Mixed Language Programming with Fortran
EPOC Mixed Language Programming [C, C++, assembler] – Matt J. Gumbley
Mixed-Language Programming: Overview [C, C++, MASM, Fortran] – MSDN
Art of Assembly: Mixed Language Programming
A Wrapper Generator for Wrapping High Performance Legacy Codes as
Java/CORBA Components – M. Li et al. (2000)
Bibliography on Mixed Language Programming – Bo Einarsson (Sep. 2001)
Specific Implementations:
- Matwrap
  
  “A wrapper generator for matrix languages.”
- SWIG (Simple Wrapper Interface Generator)
  - SWIG Users Manual – David Beazley
  - SWIG: An Easy to Use Tool for Integrating Scripting Languages with
    C and C++ – David Beazley (Jul. 1996)
  - SWIG – Scott Bolte (1997)
  - Feeding a Large-Scale Physics Application to Python – David
    Beazley et al. (Oct. 1997)
  - Perl Extension Building with SWIG – David Beazley et al. (Aug. 1998)
  - Tcl and SWIG as a C/C++ Development Tool – David Beazley (1998)
- TclBlend: Blending Tcl and Java – Scott Stanton (Feb. 1998)
- Inline
  
  “Inline.pm is a new module that glues other programming languages to Perl. It allows you to write C, C++,
  and Python code directly inside your Perl scripts and modules.”
  - Inline Wiki
  - Inline Reference Manual – Brian Ingerson et al. (2001)
  - Using Inline in Perl – Michael Roberts (Jun. 2001)
  - Pathologically Polluting Perl – Brian Ingerson (Feb. 2001)
- Boost.Python
  
  “A C++ library which enables seamless interoperability between C++
  and the Python programming language.”
- SIP
  
  “SIP is a tool that makes it very easy to create Python bindings for C++ libraries.”
- Pyrex
  
  “Pyrex lets you write code that mixes Python and C data types any way
  you want, and compiles it into a C extension for Python.”
- Weave
  
  “The weave package allows the inclusion of C/C++ within Python code.”
- SILOON
  
  “SILOON (Scripting Interface Languages for Object-Oriented Numerics) gives users the
  ability to rapidly prototype their scientific codes in a simple yet elegant fashion using the
  popular scripting languages Python and Perl. While programming in these flexible and dynamic
  languages, SILOON users maintain the capability of accessing the full power and complexity
  of C++ and FORTRAN 90 libraries executed on high-performance parallel
  computers.”

MPI

MPI Forum
MPI FAQ – Shane Herbert (Jan. 1997)
Introduction to MPI – PACS Training Group
MPI Tutorial – LAM Team
Getting Started with MPI – Robert Cruise (Aug. 2001)
A User’s Guide to MPI – Peter Pacheco (Mar. 1998)
Writing Message-Passing Parallel Programs with MPI – Neil MacDonald et al. (Aug. 1995)
MPI: The Complete Reference – Marc Snir et al. (Sep. 1995)
Tutorial on MPI: The Message-Passing Interface – William Gropp
Tuning MPI Applications for Peak Performance – William Gropp et al.
Message Passing Interface – Ian Foster (from

Designing and Building Parallel Programs)
Cornell Theory Center
Virtual Workshop MPI Modules:
Introduction to Parallel Programming Using MPI – Peter Jimack
MPI: Portable Parallel Programming for Scientific Computing – William
Gropp
MPI Performance Topics – LLNL
Optimization of MPI Applications – Rolf Rabenseifner (Jan. 2002)
MPI/RT
A project to create an integrated messaging, scheduling, and parallel programming API
together with syntax and semantics to support the emerging computational
hierarchies of node architectures and gigabit/s networks efficiently.
- MPI/RT Forum
OpenMP
The OpenMP Application Program Interface (API) supports multi-platform shared-memory
parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran on all architectures, including Unix
platforms and Windows NT platforms. Jointly defined by a group of major computer
hardware and software vendors, OpenMP is a portable, scalable model that gives
shared-memory parallel programmers a simple and flexible interface for developing
parallel applications for platforms ranging from the desktop to the supercomputer.
- OpenMP.org
- OpenMP Specifications
- Getting Started with OpenMP – Robert Cruise (Apr. 2002)
- Writing and Tuning OpenMP Programs on Distributed Shared Memory Machines – Gabriel Mateescu
- OpenMP Tutorial – LLNL
- The Design, Analysis and Implementation of Algorithms for Parallel
  Shared Memory Machines – C. Rodriguez Leon (Aug. 2002)
- COMPunity – A community of OpenMP users, researchers, tool
  developers and providers.
Implementations
- MPICH
- LAM/MPI
- AMPI
- MPI-LITE
- MPICH-G2

networks

OpenDX

OpenDX FAQ
Introduction to OpenDX – Chris Pelkie
Getting Started Using OpenDX – Chris Pelkie
The OpenDX Data Model (Introduction) – Chris Pelkie
The OpenDX Visualization Process – Chris Pelkie
The OpenDX Data Model (Intermediate) – Chris Pelkie
OpenDX Tutorial – Chris Pelkie
The Data Explorer Cookbook – A. C. Davenhall
IBM Visualization Data Explorer:
Data Explorer Tutorials for Oceanographers:
Correlative Visualization Techniques for Disparate Data in the Earth,
Space and Environmental Sciences – Lloyd Treinish

OpenGL

OpenGL FAQ
OpenGL Overview
OpenGL Programming Guide – The Red Book
OpenGL Overview
OpenGL Tutorial – Chris Homan
The Design of the OpenGL Graphics Interface – Mark Segal and Kurt Akeley
NeHe OpenGL Tutorials
Java Personal OpenGL Tutorial (JPOT)
OpenGL: From the Extensions to the Solutions
Using OpenGL to Create 2D and 3D Graphics
Programming with OpenGL: Advanced Techniques – Tom McReynolds
Programming with OpenGL: Advanced Rendering – Tom McReynolds
Advanced Graphics Programming Techniques Using OpenGL – David Blythe
O’Reilly Network
series by Chris Halsall:
Linux Focus series – Miguel
Sepulveda
All About OpenGL Extensions – Mark Kilgard
Advanced OpenGL Texture Mapping – Nate Miller
High-Level OpenGL-Based Libraries:
- Open Inventor
  
  “An object-oriented 3D toolkit offering a comprehensive solution to
  interactive graphics programming problems.”
  - Open Inventor General FAQ
  - Open Inventor Technical FAQ
  - Open Inventor C++ Reference Pages
  - Open Inventor 2.1 Porting and Performance Tips
  - Open Inventor: A Toolkit for 3D Graphics – Rajesh Sharma
  - Creating Open Inventor Scene Descriptions – Reid Pinchback
    
    “Using Open Inventor to create 3D scenes and animation effects.”
  - The Inventor Toolmaker – Josie Wernecke
    
    “Describes how to create new classes and how to customize existing
    classes in the Open Inventor toolkit.”
  - Open Inventor: Nodes Quick Reference
  - How to Write and Open Inventor File Translator
- OpenGL Performer
  
  “A powerful and comprehensive programming interface for developers creating
  real-time visualization and other performance-oriented 3D graphics
  applications.”
  - OpenGL Performer 2.4 FAQ
  - OpenGL Performer 2.4 for Linux FAQ
  - OpenGL Performer 2.4 Getting Started Guide – George Eckel et al.
  - OpenGL Performer 2.4 Programmer’s Guide – George Eckel and Ken Jones
  - IRIS Performer Class Reference Guide for C Programmers – George Eckel
  - Overview of OpenGL Performer and Summary of the C Language Bindings
  - IRIS Performer Class Reference Guide for C++ Programmers – George Eckel
  - Overview of OpenGL Performer and Summary of the C++ Language Bindings
  - The OpenGL Performer 2.4 Application Development Environment (dev)
  - OpenGL Performer File Translator (pfconv)
- OpenRM Scene Graph
  
  “A development environment used to build portable 2D/3D/stereo high
  performance graphics, virtual reality, visualization applications and
  games for UNIX/X11 and Win32 platforms.”
- Online Man Pages
  - RM
    
    A core library that handles all the details and functionality of
    the scene graph, e.g. nodes, primitives, geometry, etc.
  - RMAUX
    
    “Provides user interface and window interface functionality.”
  - RMV
    
    “Provides a library of routines for building scientific visualization
    applications.”
- Quesa3D
  
  “A high-level 3D graphics library which offers binary and source
  level compatibility with Apple’s Quickdraw 3D API.”
- Gizmo3D
  
  “A high performance 3D scene graph and effect visualization toolkit for
  Linux, Win32 and IRIX.”
- BJUGL
  
  “A graphics library designed for drawing two or three dimensional graphics
  of a scalar function of two variables and a two dimensional vector field
  on a variable grid.”
- GEM
- DDG Toolkit
- Fast Light Tool Kit
- FOX
- gleem
- Open CASCADE
- VTK

Parallel Programming

Pascal

Perl

Perl man pages
Perl FAQ – Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington (1997-99)
Infrequently Asked Questions About Perl – Ilya Zakheravich (Apr. 1999)
Rex Swain’s HTMLified Perl 5 Reference Guide (Aug. 1997)
CPAN (Perl Modules)
A Quick Introduction to Perl
The Perl Reference Guide – Johan Vromans (May 2000)
Perl 5 by Example – David Medinets (2002)
Perl 101 – Vikram Vaswani and Harish Kamath
1. The Basics (May 2000)
2. Of Variables and Operators (and Conditional Expressions) (Jun. 2000)
3. Looping the Loop: Control Structures
4. Mind Games: Interaction with System Files and Array Functions
5. Sub-Zero Code: Subroutines and Efficient Code Structuring
6. The Perl Toolbox: Built-In Functions
7. CGI Basics: CGI Scripting
8. Putting It to the Test: Developing Real Applications
Web Client Programming with Perl – Clinton Wong (Mar. 1997)
Picking Up Perl – Bradley Kuhn (Mar. 2002)
Practical Perl Programming – A. D. Marshall (1999)
Perl Tutorial for System Managers – Tim Christian (Dec. 1998)
Take Ten Minutes to Learn Perl – Barry Floyd
Introduction to Perl – Univ. of Missouri (Apr. 1999)
An Introduction to Perl – Univ. of Georgia
Perl Tutorial – B. Johnson (May 1998)
Perl Tutorial – Nik Silver
Perl Part I – Introduction – Guido Socher (Sep. 1999)
Perl Part II – Writing a Real Program – Guido Socher (Nov. 1999)
Perl Part III – Arrays – Guido Socher (Jan. 2000)
Object-Oriented Programming in Perl, Part 1 – Vikram Vaswani (Nov. 2000)
Object-Oriented Programming in Perl, Part 2 – Vikram Vaswani (Jan. 2001)
perltoot: An Object-Oriented Tutorial for Perl – Tom Christiansen (1997-98)
Robert’s Perl Tutorial (Apr. 1999)
The Perl Programming Language – Neal Holtz (Jan. 1996)
Perl Regular Expression Tutorial – Carl Franklin and Gary Wisniewski (1994-96)
CGI/Perl Tips, Tricks and Hints – Sanford Morton (Sep. 1998)
Sams Teach Yourself Perl 5 in 21 Days (2nd Ed.) – David Till (1996)
PERLs of Wisdom – Steve Litt (1998-2000)
Learning Perl – Martin Heller
1. An Overview for Novices (Feb. 2000)
2. A Look at Objects in Perl (Mar. 2000)
3. Applying Perl to Websites (Apr. 2000)
4. Introductory Perl Books (May 2000)
Perl Practicum – Hal Pomeranz
1. Out of Sorts (Aug. 1993)
2. Know All the Angles (Oct. 1993)
3. The Swiss Army Chainsaw (Dec. 1993)
4. You Say `rsh’ and I Say `remsh’ (Feb. 1994)
5. I’m Beginning to See a Pattern Here (Apr. 1994)
6. It Slices, It Dices… (Jun. 1994)
7. A Plea for Clarity (Dec. 1994)
8. Fun with Format (Jun. 1995)
9. The Camel Spins a Web (Aug. 1995)
10. DB or Not DB? (Dec. 1995)
11. Failed to Understand the Reference (Feb. 1996)
12. Thanks for the Reference (Apr. 1996)
13. The Devil in the Details (Jun. 1996)
14. Network Wiles, Part I (Aug. 1996)
15. Network Wiles, Part II (Oct. 1996)
16. Network Wiles, Part III (Feb. 1997)
17. The Email of the Species (Apr. 1997)
‘UNIX Review’ Perl
columns – Randall Schwartz
1. Basic Parsing (Mar. 1995)
2. Word Counts
3. Regular Expressions
4. Tiny Database
5. Subroutines
6. Sorting
7. Simple References
8. Subroutine References
9. Text Grep
10. Wrappers
11. List Manipulation
12. Here Documents
13. Intro to Objects
14. More About Objects
15. Logfile Analysis
16. Recursive Directory Tasks
17. Finding Shadowed Executables
18. Bit Operations
19. Include Files
20. Expressions in Text
21. Making Choices for Choices
22. Using the CPAN Effectively
23. Editing Files In-Place
24. Persistent Data
25. Getting a Date with Perl
26. Computing Primes
27. Expanding Symbolic Links
28. Compiling Regular Expressions
29. Figuring Phone-y Words
30. Deep Copy and Recursion (Feb. 2000)
‘Web Techniques’ Perl
columns – Randall Schwartz
1. CPAN and NNTP (Apr. 1996)
2. Giving ‘more’
3. Getting ‘more’
4. Flocking and Recent Visitors
5. A Tiny Database and htaccess
6. What’s New?
7. Bad Links
8. Browser Dependence
9. Random Thoughts
10. Tracking Bad Hits (Jan. 1997)
‘Linux Magazine’ Perl
columns – Randall Schwartz
1. Using Things from the CPAN (Jun. 1999)
2. Tieing Up Loose Ends (Jul. 1999)
3. Scripting Your Apache Server with Perl (Aug. 1999)
The Road to Better Programming (with Perl) – Teodor Zlatanov
1. Developing Coding Guidelines (November 2001)
2. Commenting Your Code (November 2001)
3. Loops, Clean Code and Perl Idioms (December 2001)
4. Functional Programming (January 2002)
5. Modules and Objects (January 2002)
Cultured Perl – Teodor Zlatanov
- Parsing with Perl Modules – April 2000
- Save it With Perl: A CPAN Solution to Data Persistence (July 2000)
- Small Observations About the Big Picture: Simple Techniques to Increase
  Reliability and Maintainability in Perl Code (June 2000)
- Writing Perl Programs that Speak English: Using Parse::RecDescent to Create a
  Simple and Efficient Command-Line User Interface (August 2000)
- Review of Programming Perl, Third Edition (September 2000)
- Application Configuration with Perl (October 2000)
- Debugging Perl with Ease: Catch the Bugs Before They Bite (November 2000)
- Perl 5.6 for C and Java Programmers (January 2001)
- A Programmer’s Linux-Oriented Setup (March 2001)
- One-Liners 101: Perl as a Command Utility (April 2001)
- Automating UNIX System Administration with Perl (July 2001)
- The Elegance of JAPH (July 2001)
- Genetic Algorithms Applied with Perl (August 2001)
- Reading and Writing Excel Files with Perl (September 2001)
- Intro to Cfengine for System Administration (February 2002)
XS Mechanics – Steven McDougall
1. Introduction
2. Architecture
3. Tools
4. Modules
5. Align::NW Module
Network Programming with Perl – James Lee (April 1999)
Perl Embedding – John Quillan (November 1998)
Perl Modules:
- Introduction to Perl Modules and CPAN – O’Reilly & Associates(1998)
- Perl Modules: An Introduction – Eric Foster-Johnson
- Perl Module Mechanics and Related Phenomena – Steven McDougall (Dec. 2001)
- Perl Modules – David Medinets
- Installing Perl Modules – Rich Bowen
- Using Perl Modules – Steve A. Chervitz (Nov. 2000)
- The Perl 5 Module List – Tim Bunce and Andreas Konig (Sep. 2002)
- Perl/Tk
  - Perl/Tk FAQ – Nick Ing-Simmons (1995-96)
  - Getting Started with Perl/Tk – Steve Lidie (Apr. 1999)
  - A Drag-and-Drop Primer for Perl/Tk – Steve Lidie (Dec. 2001)
  - Perl and the Tk Extension – Steve Lidie
  - Creating Custom Widgets – Steve Lidie (Jan. 2002)
  - Create Your Own Widgets
  - Drag and Drop with Perl/Tk (Feb. 2002)
  - File Dialogs with Perl/Tk
  - Perl/Tk Menus
- HTML::Embperl
  - Official Embperl Documentation – Gerald Richter (1997-2002)
  - Introduction to Embperl
  - Creating Modular Web Pages with Embperl – Neil Gunton (Mar. 2001)
  - Introduction to Object-Oriented Website Creation with Embperl – Neil Gunton
  - Embperl FAQ – Gerald Richter w/ Nora Sikes
  - Embperl: Modern Templates – Reuven Lerner (Oct. 1998)
  - HTML::Embperl – More Than Simply Embedding Perl in HTML – Gerald Richter
  - Creating Dynamic Pages with Embperl – Paul Vining
  - Using Databases with Embperl – Paul Vining
  - Choosing a Templating System – Perrin Harkins (Aug. 2001)
  - A Short Course in Embperl – Aaron Weiss (Nov. 2000)
- HTML::Mason
  - Introduction to Mason – Jonathan Swartz, Dave Rolsky and Ken Williams
  - Mason Developer’s Manual – Jonathan Swartz, Dave Rolsky and Ken Williams
  - Mason Administrator’s Manual – Jonathan Swartz, Dave Rolsky and Ken Williams
  - HTML::Mason FAQ
  - Programming with Mason – Jonathan Swartz

PHP

PostScript

Adobe Technical Notes (PDF documents):
- PostScript Language Reference (3rd Ed.)
- PostScript Language Document Structuring Conventions (DSC) Specification -
  Version 3.0
- Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) File Format Specification – Version 3.0
- PostScript Printer Description (PPD) File Format Specification – Version 4.3
PostScript FAQ – Allen Braunsdorf
PostScript Quick Tips – Herb Weiner
PostScript Tutorial – Paul Bourke
A First Guide to PostScript – Peter Weingartner
Practical PostScript: A Guide to Digital Typesetting – David
Byram-Wigfield
Thinking in PostScript – Glenn Reid

A book available in PDF format.
PostScript Tutorial and Reference – Ian Utting
A Tutorial Introduction to PostScript – Gregor Koomey
PostScript Tutorial – Ken Monk
PostScript I: The Language – Emre Demiralp
PostScript II: The Operand Stack, Manipulations and Mathematical Operators – Emre Demiralp
PostScript III: The Operand Stack of PostScript: Arrays, Variables, Loops and Macro Definitions – Emre Demiralp
Understanding PostScript Programming – Lance Lovett
About PostScript Errors
How to Use Adobe PostScript Language Files Properly – Randolph Herbert
EPS in Ten Easy Stages
Making an EPS File
Tutorials by Eric Weeks:
- Converting PostScript to Other Formats
- Creating Simple PostScript Pictures
- Converting Data to PostScript Graphs and Pictures
- Simple PostScript Commands Tutorial I
- Simple PostScript Commands Tutorial II
- Color PostScript Tutorial
Display PostScript:
- Developing Applications for the Display PostScript System – DEC
- A DPS Extension for XFree86
- Display Ghostscript System (dgs)
- Display PostScript System: Global Index to the Reference Manuals
- Display PostScript System: Client Library Reference Manual
- Display PostScript System: Client Library Supplement for X
- Display PostScript System: Introduction – Perspective for Software
  Developers
- Display PostScript System: pswrap Reference Manual
- Display PostScript System: Display PostScript Toolkit for X
- Display PostScript System: Display PostScritp NX Software

Povray

Prolog

comp.lang.prolog FAQ – Jamie Andrews (Feb. 1997)
Prolog Programming: A First Course – Paul Brna (May 1999)
Prolog Tutorial – J. R. Fisher
Introduction to Prolog – Tamsin Treasure-Jones
Prolog Tutorial – A. Aaby (May 1997)
Prolog: A Tutorial Introduction – James Lu and
Jerry Mead (May 2002)
Prolog for Software Engineering – Peter Reintjes (Apr. 1994)
On-Line Guide to Prolog Programming – Roman Bartak (1998)
Prolog Tutorials – James Power and Alex Monaghan (1996)
Prolog Programming Tutorial
SICStus Prolog User’s Manual – SICS (Oct. 1998)
GNU Prolog Manual – Daniel Diaz (Sep. 2002)
SWI-Prolog Reference Manual – Jan Wielemaker

PVM

Python

The Whole Python FAQ (Oct. 2002)
Python Quick Reference – Simon Brunning
Python Tutorial – Guido van Rossum (Apr. 2002)
An Introduction to Python – Jeff Bauer
Python Programming for Beginners – Jacek Artymiak (May 2000)
Non-Programmers Tutorial for Python – Josh Cogliati (2002)
Getting Started With Python – Mitchell L. Model (Jul. 2002)
Learn to Program Using Python – Richard Baldwin
Python Short Course – Richard P. Muller (Spring 2000)
Python for Lisp Programmers – Peter Norvig
Python for Newbies – David Borowitz
Dive Into Python: Python for Experienced Programmers – Mark Pilgrim (2002)
How to Think Like a Computer Scientist: Learning with Python – Allen Downey, Jeff Elkner and Chris
Meyers (2002)
Thinking in Python – Bruce Eckel (Dec. 2001)
Python Cookbook
Python HOWTO Documents
- Tuples, Index and Slice
- Nested Tuples
Python Reference Manual – Guido van Rossum (Apr. 2002)
Python Library Reference – Guido van Rossum (Apr. 2002)
Python Style Guide – Guido van Rossum
Python Performance Tips – Skip Montanaro (May 2002)
Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter – Guido van Rossum (Apr. 2002)
The What, Why, Who, and Where of Python – Aaron R. Watters (Nov. 1996)
Python 101:
- The Other Scripting Language that Starts with a “P” – Evelyn Mitchell (Sep. 1999)
- Cheat Sheet: A Quick Reference Document for Newcomers – Evelyn Mitchell (Feb. 2000)
- Testing Your Code: Discovering PythonUnit, a Unit Testing Framework in
  Python – Evelyn Mitchell (Dec. 1999)
Charming Python – David Mertz
- My First Web-Based Filtering Proxy: Converting Text to HTML Using Txt2Html
- Using State Machines: Algorithms and Programming Approaches in Python (Aug. 2000)
- Text Processing in Python: Tips for Beginners
- The Dynamics of DOM: A Closer Look at Python’s xml.dom Module
- Tinkering with XML and Python: An Introduction to XML Tools for Python
- Inside Python’s Implementations: Interviews with the Creators of Vyper and
  Stackless Python
- Curses Programming: Tips for Beginners
- Getting Version 2.0: The New Features
- TK Programming in Python: Tips for Beginners using Python’s GUI Library
- Reloading on the Fly: Dynamically Reloading Modules in Long-Running
  Processes
- Inside JPython and Python for .NET
Instant Python – Magnus Lie Hetland (Jul. 2002)
Numeric Python Tutorial – David Ascher (Oct. 1996)
Instant Hacking: Learn How to Program With Python (Jul. 2002)
Learning to Program Using Python – Alan Gauld
Practical ILU with Python: A Tutorial
Tkinter:
- An Introduction to Tkinter – Fredrik Lundh (1999)
- Tkinter Life Preserver – Matt Conway
- TK Programming in Python: Tips for Beginners using Python’s GUI Library – David Mertz (Dec. 2000)

REBOL

Regular Expressions

So What’s a $#!%% Regular Expression, Anyway?! – Vikram Vaswani and
Harish Kamath (Apr. 2000)
Regular Expressions Explained – Jan Borsodi (Oct. 2000)
Python Regular Expression HOWTO – A. M. Kuchling
NLTK Tutorial: Regular Expressions – Steven Bird
Larger Regular Expressions – Gunnstein Lye (May 2001)
Using Regular Expressions – David Mertz (Sep. 2000)
Regular Expressions Tutorial – Miloslav Nic
Common Applications of Regular Expressions – Richard Lowe
Matchmaking with Regular Expressions – Benedict Chng
Using Regular Expressions – Stephen Ramsay
Using Regular Expressions – SiteScope (1996-2002)
12 Reasons to Learn and Use Regular Expressions – Edward Abbott (2002)
Utilizing Regular Expression SubMatches – Scott Mitchell
Perl Regular Expression Tutorial – Carl Franklin and Gary Wisniewski (1994-1996)
Perl 5 Regular Expression Description – Tom Christiansen (Feb. 1996)
Perl Regular Expressions: Quick Start – Mark Kvale (1999-2002)
Perl Regular Expressions: Expanded Tutorial – Mark Kvale (2000)
Regular Expressions in Java – Steven Brandt
VIM Regular Expressions – Oleg Raisky
Stripping HTML Tags Using Regular Expressions – Scott Mitchell
Validating Form Input Using Regular Expressions – John R. Lewis (Feb. 2001)
Server-Side Validations Using Regular Expressions – Prasanna Pattam

Rexx

Rexx FAQ (Apr. 2002)
An Introduction to the REXX Programming Language – Vladimir
Zabrodsky (Apr. 2002)
REXX/imc Tutorial – Ian Collier
Classic Rexx Tutorial – Keith Watts (Nov. 2002)
REXX: The Language – Kyla Computing (2002)
REXX Info – Elliot Spencer
Introduction to Object REXX Programming
The NetRexx User’s Guide – IBM (1996,2000)
The NetRexx Language Definition – Supplement – IBM (2000)
Advanced Object REXX Programming
A Look at OREXX – Gerald Goertzel
On the Road with Object REXX – Mike Baryla (1995)
A Crash Course in REXX
REXX, the Developer’s Best Friend – Paul Gallagher
Advanced REXX Programming – Charles Daney (May 1994)
Common REXX Pitfalls – Quercus Systems (Sep. 1995)
IBM Redbooks:
- OS/2 REXX: From Bark to Byte – Oscar Cepeda et al. (Dec. 1993)
- Creating Java Applications using NetRexx – Ueli Wahli
  (Sep. 1997)
The Regina REXX Interpreter Manual – Anders
Christensen (May 2002)
TCP/IP Socket Programming with REXX
Guide to Writing CGI Scripts in REXX and Perl – R. Cottrell (Jul. 1998)
Writing World-Wide Web CGI Scripts in REXX – R. Cottrell (Mar. 1996)
A Brief History of the REXX Standard – Brian Marks
RexxLA Newsletter

RPC

Remote Procedure Calls I. Sun RPC – Francisco Fernandez
Programming in C – A. D. Marshall (Mar. 1999)
- Remote Procedure Calls
- Protocol Compiling and Lower Level RPC Programming
AIX Communications Programming Concepts: Remote Procedure Call (Oct. 1997)
Programming with ONC RPC – DEC (Mar. 1996)
Internet Protocols: Remote Procedure Call (RPC) – Rhys
Haden (2001)
Programming with Remote Procedure Calls – Caldera (Jun. 2001)
Remote Procedure Calls in Linux – LJ (Oct. 1997)
Comparing Remote Procedure Calls – John Barkley (Oct. 1993)
RFC Documents:
- RFC 1050 – Remote Procedure Call Protocol Specification – Sun (Apr. 1988)
- RFC 1057 – Remote Procedure Call Protocol Specification
  Version 2 – Sun (Jun. 1988)
- RFC 1831 – Remote Procedure Call Protocol Specification
  Version 2 – R. Srinivasan (Aug. 1995)
XML-RPC:
- XML-RPC for Newbies – Dave Winer (Jul. 1998)
- XML-RPC HOWTO – Eric Kidd (2001)
- Exploring XML-RPC – Jon Udell (Aug. 1999)
- XML-RPC Specification – Dave Winer (Jun. 1999)

Ruby

Ruby Language FAQ – Shugo Maeda et al. (May 2002)
Ruby User’s Guide – Mark Slagell
An Introduction to Ruby – Colin Steele (Oct. 2001)
Programming in Ruby – Dave Thomas and Andy Hunt (Jan. 2001)
Ruby: Productive Programming Language – Pjotr Prins (Mar. 2002)
Ruby Language Reference Manual – Yukihiro Matsumoto
Programming Ruby: The Pragmatic Programmer’s Guide – David
Thomas and Andrew Hunt
Programming in the Ruby Language – Joshua Drake (Jul. 2001)
Ruby: A New Language – Maya Stodte (Feb. 2000)
The Ruby Programming Language
Thirty-seven Reasons I Love Ruby – Hal Fulton
Becoming a Software Developer – Pete McBreen
Ruby Garden Wiki
Ruby Weekly News
The Great Computer Language Shootout – Doug Bagley
PLEAC

Samba

Samba: An Introduction – Chris Hertel et al. (Nov. 2001)
Using Samba – R. Eckstein, D. Collier-Brown and P. Kelly (Nov. 1999)
Samba Project Documentation: HOW-TO Collection – Samba Team (Apr. 2002)
Samba Man Pages
The Unofficial Samba HOW-TO – David Lechnyr (Nov. 2002)
The Story of Samba: Linux’s Stealth Weapon – Christopher
Hertel and Luke Leighton (Sep. 1999)
Samba: Opening Windows Everywhere – Mike Warfield (Spring 1999)
Using Samba as a PDC – Andrew Bartlett (Feb. 2002)
Understanding the Network Neighborhood – Christopher
Hertel (May 2001)
Just What is SMB? (V1.2) – Richard Sharpe (Oct. 2002)
SMB HOW-TO – David Wood (Apr. 2000)
Introduction to Samba – Daniel Robbins
1. Key Concepts (Jun. 2000)
2. Compiling, Installing and Configuring
  Samba for Your Environment (Jul. 2000)
Introducing Samba – John Blair (Jul. 1998)
More Adventures with Samba – Dave Nelson (Jan. 1998)
Linux Networking: Exploring Samba – William Wong
Samba Configuration – Eric Seigne (Mar. 2002)
Easy Steps to Samba: Linux Orbit HOWTO
Samba 2.0.x Troubleshooting Guide – Paul Green (May 2002)

RTF format only.
Samba’s Encrypted Password Support – John Blair (Dec. 1998)
Using Samba to Mount Windows 95 – Jonathan Stroud (Nov. 1997)
Troubleshooting a Samba Server – Jeff Christensen (Apr. 2000)
Configuring Samba Server as a Primary Domain Controller – Jeff
Christensen (Mar. 2000)
Samba Tips – Paul Wagner and Andy Lindeman (Nov. 1996)
Samba Fun – Craig Sawyer (2002)
Samba, Wint95, NT and HP Jetdirect – Eugene Blanchard (Dec. 1999)
Using LDAP for Samba Authentication – Tom Syroid (May 2002)
Using Samba as a Primary Domain Controller – Tom Syroid (Apr. 2002)
Doing the NIS/NT Samba – Jeremy Allison (Oct. 1998)
Implementing CIFS: The Common Internet Filesystem – Christopher
R. Hertel (1999-2002)

A detailed guide to the basic workings of Microsoft’s SMB/CIFS
protocol suite.
Covers NBT, SMB, NBNS/WINS, the Network Neighborhood, and
Authentication.
Provides all the information needed to build a working SMB/CIFS
client to interoperate with Samba and MS-Windows Servers.

Scheme

Scheme FAQ (V. 1.30) – Mark Kantrowitz and Barry Margolin (Apr. 1997)
An Introduction to Scheme and Its Implementation – Paul R. Wilson
(Jan. 1998)
How to Design Programs: An Introduction to Programming and
Computing – Matthias Felleisen et al. (2001)
The Scheme Programming Language (2nd Ed.) – R. Kent Dybvig
(1996)
Teach Yourself Scheme in Fixnum Days – Dorai Sitaram (Oct. 2002)
MIT Scheme
Revised (5) Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme – Richard
Kelsey et al. (Mar. 2001)
The Scheme Programming Language – Greg J. Badros (Jun. 1999)
The Scheme Language – Stephen Bloch (1998)
A Scheme Tutorial for GIMP Users – Dov Grobgeld (Feb. 2002)
Scheme Tutorial – Catharina Candolin (Sep. 2001)
Scheme Tutorial – A. Aaby (1996)
Lecture Notes on the Principles of Programming Languages – Shriram
Krishnamurthi and Matthias Felleisen (1997)
Chez Scheme User’s Guide – R. Kent Dybvig (1998)
DrScheme Programming Environment Manual (Aug. 2000)
MzScheme Language Manual – Matthew Flatt (Aug. 2000)
The PACT Scheme Language – Stewart Brown and Dennis Braddy (Feb. 2000)
Elk Scheme Documentation

Elk is an implementation of the Scheme programming language. In contrast to existing, stand-alone Scheme systems Elk has been designed
specifically as an embeddable, reusable extension language subsystem for applications written in C or C++.

SCSI

The Official SCSI FAQ – Gary Field (1994-2001)
SCSI Introduction – David Risley (1999)
An Introduction to SCSI Drivers – Alan Cox (Aug. 1998)
How SCSI Works – Jeff Tyson
SCSI Explained – Advanced Horizons (1996-2001)
SCSI Tutorial – Charles Kozierok (1997-2001)
Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales – Alan Cox (Sep. 1999)
The Linux SCSI Generic HOW-TO – Douglas Gilbert (2002)
Linux SCSI Programming HOW-TO – Heiko Eissfeldt (May 1996)
Linux SG FAQ – Douglas Gilbert (Jun. 2002)
The Linux SCSI Generic Driver – Douglas Gilbert (Aug. 2002)
General SCSI Docs (Apr. 1999)

This document is an attempt to fully describe the SCSI subsystem in the Linux kernel. At the time of this writing, the document is incomplete in the sense
that there are many sections of this document that are not yet written.
SCSI Termination Tutorial – Allan Hughes (May 2000)
SCSI and IDE: Overview and Comparison – Markus Westergren
and Mattias Sandgren (1998)
The Mysteries of Various SCSI Bus Configurations or SCSI-1, -2, -3? -
Howard McKinney
SCSI Guide – DELEC
SCSI Cabling Tutorial
STA-Endorses SCSI Terms and Terminology
SCSI Reference Charts
SCSI Common Codes and Values – T10 Committee

security

sed

“Sed is the ultimate stream editor. If that sounds strange, picture a stream
flowing through a pipe. Okay, you can’t see a stream if it’s inside a pipe.
That’s what I get for attempting a flowing analogy. You want literature, read James Joyce.
Anyhow, sed is a marvelous utility. Unfortunately, most people never
learn its real power. The language is very simple, but the documentation is
terrible. The on-line manual pages for sed are five pages long, and two of
those pages describe the 34 different errors you can get. A program
that spends as much space documenting the errors that it does documenting
the language has a serious learning curve.” – Bruce Barnett (from Sed)

sed FAQ #1 – DREAMWVR
sed FAQ #2 – Eric Pement et al. (Apr. 2000)
Sed – Bruce Barnett
Sed by Example – Daniel Robbins
1. Get to Know the Powerful UNIX Text Editor (Sep. 2000)
2. How to Further Take Advantage of the UNIX Text Editor (Oct. 2000)
3. Taking It to the Next Level: Data Crunching, Sed Style (Nov. 2000)
sed Tutorial – A Small Tutorial About sed
sed – The Stream Editor
Handy One-Liners for sed – Eric Pement (Mar. 2001)
Do It With sed – Carlos Jorge G. Duarte (Sep. 1996)
sed – A Non-Interactive Text Editor – Lee E. McMahon (1978)
Introduction to UNIX’s sed Editor – F. Curtis Michel
SED and Regular Expressions
SED as a Pipe Tool – Softpanorama
An Introduction to sed – Andrew M. Ross
Sed Tutorial – Donovan Rebbechi
The seder’s Grab-Bag
sed – A Stream Editor – Ken Pizzini (Jun. 1998)

Serial Programming

Serial Programming for POSIX Compliant Operating Systems

SGML

Shells

“What is a shell, anyway? It’s simple, really. The UNIX operating system is
a complex collection of files and programs. UNIX does not require
any single method or interface. Many different techniques can be used.
The oldest interface, which sits between the user and the software, is the
shell. Twenty five years ago many users didn’t even have a video terminal.
Some only had a noisy, large, slow hard-copy terminal. The shell was
the interface to the operating system. Shell, layer, interface, these
words all describe the same concept. By convention, a shell is a user program
that is ASCII based, that allows the user to specify operations in a certain sequence.

There are four important concepts in a UNIX shell:

The user interacts with the system using a shell.

A sequence of operations can be scripted, or automatic, by placing the operations in a script file.

A shell is a full featured programming language, with variables, conditional statements, and the ability to execute other programs. It can
be, and is, used to prototype new programs.

A shell allows you to easily create a new program that is not a “second-class citizen,” but instead is a program with all of the privileges of
any other UNIX program.” – Bruce Barnett (from Sh)

The Unix Shell Guide [Bourne, Korn, C] – Norman Buchanan and Douglas Gingrich (1996)
Shell Differences FAQ [All] – Brian Blackmore et al. (Jul. 1997)
Working in the the Shell Environment [Bourne, Korn, C] (Feb. 2002)
AIX Version 4.3 System User’s Guide: Shells (Oct. 1997)
Unix/Linux Shell Command Cross-Referencing [All]

This is a three page PDF file.
Unix Shell Quote Tutorial [Bourne, C] – Bruce Barnett (2001)
Consultix Shell Quoting Guidelines [Bourne, C, Korn] – Tim Maher (1995)
Command and Shell User’s Guide [Bourne, C, Korn] – DEC (Aug. 1994)
- Shell Overview
- Shell Features
Shell Portability
- Choosing a Shell for Portable UNIX Scripts – Richard Anderson (1998-2002)
- Good Shell Coding Practices [Bourne, Korn] – Heiner Steven (1998-2002)
- GNU Autoconf, Automake and Libtool – Gary Vaughan et al. (Oct. 2000)
bash
- Advanced Bash Scripting Guide: An In-Depth Exploration of the Gentle Art
  of Shell Scripting – Mendel Cooper (Sep. 2002)
- Bash by Example – Daniel Robbins
  1. Fundamental Programming in Bash (Mar. 2000)
  2. More Bash Programming Fundamentals (Apr. 2000)
  3. Exploring the Ebuild System (May 2000)
- Learning the Shell – William Shotts, Jr. (2000-2002)
- Writing Shell Scripts – William Shotts, Jr. (2000-2002)
- The Linux Terminal: A Beginner’s Bash – Ramon Cash (Nov. 2001)
- Working More Productively with bash 2.x – Ian Macdonald (Oct. 2002)
- Linux Shell Scripting Tutorial – Vivek G. Gite (Mar. 2001)
- Functions and Aliases in Bash – Pat Eyler (May 2000)
- BASH FAQ – Chet Ramey et al. (Sep. 2002)
- GNU Bash Reference Manual – Chet Ramey and Brian Fox (Apr. 1998)
- Introduction to Shell Scripting – Ben Okopnik (Jun. 2000)
- The Deep, Dark Secrets of Bash – Ben Okopnik (Jul. 2000)
- Configuring the Bash Shell
- Bash Programming Cheat Sheet – ph34r
- bash man page – Brian Fox and Chet Ramey (1991)
- Bourne/Bash: Shell Programming Introduction – Rick Dearman (Feb. 1998)
- Extending the Bash Prompt – Giles Orr (Aug. 1999)
- Improve Bash Shell Scripts Using Dialog – Mihai Bisca (May 1999)
- Shell Prompt Customization – Jose (Nov. 2000)
Bourne (sh)
- An Introduction to the Unix Shell – Stephen Bourne
- Sh – Bruce Barnett
- UNIX Bourne Shell Programming (Feb. 1991)
- The Unix Shell Guide: The Bourne Shell – Norman Buchanan
  and Douglas Gingrich (1996)
- Bourne Shell Programming – Andrew Arensburger (1998)
- Bourne Shell Programming – Roger Hampel (Feb. 1998)
- Bourne Shell Scripting – Martin Cracauer (Jan. 2000)
- Unix Shell Scripting (1996)
- Shell Script Programming – Matz Kindahl (Jun. 2002)
- Bourne Shell – Richard Rummel and William Farra
- Bourne Shell Scripting Online Course
- Bourne Shell Scripting Tricks – Paul Balyoz (Sep. 1999)
- Bourne Shell Examples
- The Traditional Bourne Shell Family – Sven Mascheck
- Characteristic Common Properties of Traditional Bourne Shells – Sven Maschek
csh
- csh (C) Man Page – William Joy (Feb. 1994)
- An Introduction to the C Shell – William Joy
- Basic Scripting with the Csh – P. Walker
- Csh Programming Considered Harmful – Tom Christiansen (Oct. 1996)
- Csh – Bruce Barnett (Sep. 2001)
- Top Ten Reasons NOT to Use the C Shell – Bruce Barnett (Sep. 2001)
- C Shell Tutorial – Ben Yoshimo (Aug. 2002)
- C Shell Introduction (Feb. 1998)
- A Brief Introduction To C Shell Variables – Norman Matloff (Jan. 2001)
- UNIX Shell Scripts – Norman Matloff (Jul. 2002)
- Csh Startup FAQ – Anthony Thyssen
- Csh One-Liners
- C Shell Examples
tcsh
- tcsh Man Page – Ken Greer et al. (Jul. 1993)
- tcsh FAQ
- Tcsh: An Enhanced C Shell
- Features of the TCSH Shell – Jesper Pederson (Mar. 1997)
Korn
- Getting the Most from Your Shell [pdksh] – Paul Dunne (Apr. 1999)
- What is the KornShell Language?
- KSH-93 FAQ
- The New Korn Shell – ksh93 – David Korn, Charles Northrup and
  Jeffery Korn
- Korn Shell Programming – Philip Brown (2000)
- UNIX Korn Shell Memento
- Korn Shell Examples
Z-Shell FAQ – P. W. Stephenson (1995-2001)
Writing UNIX Scripts
Unix 101: How to Write a Shell Script – Kathy R.
UNIX Shell Patterns – Jim Coplien et al. (1996)

“Shell has emerged as a family of programming languages for the
UNIX Operating System in the same sense that JCL emerged as a
programming language for mainframe job control in the 1960s. It is a
family of languages because we find variant syntaxes and capabilities in the
Bourne shell, the Korn shell, the C shell, and others. Most of the patterns
described here apply equally well to all these variants.
These patterns do not form a full pattern language nor are they a
comprehensive collection of patterns for the “architecture” of a Shell program.
They cover frequent Shell programming problems that often are resolved
only with expert insight.”
Shell Command Language Index

The Open Group Single UNIX Specification’s definition of the
XSI Shell Command Language.
Shell Functions and Path Variables – Stephen Collyer
- Simplifying the Maintenance of Your Path Variables (Mar. 2000)
- A Detailed Description of the Addpath Function (Apr. 2000)
- A Continued Introduction to Path Variables and Elements (May 2000)
The Zsh Workshop – Larry P. Schrof
A User’s Guide to the Z-Shell – Peter Stephenson (Jun. 1999)
Rc – The Plan 9 Shell – Tom Duff (1995)

Rc is a command interpreter for Plan 9 that provides
similar facilities to UNIX’s Bourne shell, with some small additions and less
idiosyncratic syntax.
Emacs Shell (Eshell)

“Eshell is a command shell implemented entirely in Emacs Lisp.
It invokes no external processes beyond those requested by the
user. It is intended to be a functional replacement for command shells
such as bash, zsh, rc, 4dos; since Emacs itself is capable of
handling most of the tasks accomplished by such tools.”
hush FAQ – Jaco van Ossenbruggen (May 1997)

“The standard
interpreter associated with the hush library is a
shell, called hush, including a number of the available extensions of
Tcl/Tk and widgets developed by ourselves (such as a www and a video
widget). The hush library offers a C++ interface to the Tcl/Tk toolkit
and its extensions. It allows the programmer to employ the
functionality of Tcl/Tk in a C++ program.”
scsh FAQ – Michel Schinz (Nov. 2002)
Scsh is
a Scheme shell, i.e.
a Unix shell which uses Scheme
as its scripting language.
Man pages:
- sh (Bourne)
- csh (C) – William Joy (Feb. 1994)
- bash (GNU) – Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- ksh 88 (Korn) (Mar. 1997)
- ksh 93 (Korn) (Mar. 1997)
- rc – Tom Duff
- zsh (Z) – Paul Falstad
- tcsh – Ken Greer et al. (Jul. 1993)
- pdksh (Public Domain Korn) – Charles Forsyth et al. (Aug. 1996)